CS0005 Day 2, 2011/02: Systemic Thinking for Planners and Designers (24 posts)

  • Profile picture of David Ing David Ing said 2 years, 3 months ago:

    In the Day 2 lectures, we covered a lot of systems territory including Interactive Planning (Russell Ackoff), Adaptive Enterprise (Stephan Haeckel) and Supply-Side Sustainability (Allen, Tainter and Hoekstra). Any one of these topics would be worth a course unto themselves.

    I’m looking forward to reflections on the readings. This three-day course is intended as an introduction to the breadth of content in systemic thinking, so I hope you can chill and try to maintain the big picture view across these perspectives.

  • Profile picture of Olli Olli said 2 years, 3 months ago:

    http://stscolli.wordpress.com/2011/02/09/day-ii/

  • Profile picture of Haeyeon Ryu Haeyeon Ryu said 2 years, 3 months ago:

    Hi, David
    Here is the link for day-2 lectures

    http://rhydsign.wordpress.com/2011/02/10/day2/

  • Profile picture of Mikko Ahlström Mikko Ahlström said 2 years, 3 months ago:

    Hi David,

    Day 2:

    http://mikkoahlstrom.wordpress.com/2011/02/11/day-2-2/

    -mikko-

  • Profile picture of Daniel K Daniel K said 2 years, 3 months ago:

    Hi David,

    some thoughts after Day 2:

    http://wp.me/p16ZOW-o

    BR,
    Daniel

  • Profile picture of Anja-Lisa Hirscher Anja-Lisa Hirscher said 2 years, 3 months ago:

    Hello, sorry a bit late, here is my post for day 2.
    Greetings, Anja

    http://anjalisa.wordpress.com/2011/02/14/day-02/

  • Profile picture of said 2 years, 3 months ago:

    Hello, David.

    Here are thoughts about Day Two’s topics.

    https://jischeu.wordpress.com/2011/02/14/day-2-thoughts/

    Julie Scheu

  • Profile picture of David Ing David Ing said 2 years, 3 months ago:

    @olli The references in your writing on Ackoff’s interactive planning, Block’s Six Conversations, and Ostrom’s polycentric governance are demonstrating the you are creating your own synthesis of ideas from course discussions. We may all aspire to be interactive planners, and recognizing our biases as preactive is constructive.

    The dilemma of designing for efficiency versus designing for learning and adaptation is a common question that every systems designer has to face. Complicatedness and complexity (from T.F.H. Allen) and the controllability of a flat organization (from Ostrom) are direct applications of systems theory that may help in deciding tradeoffs.

    A governing system of command-and-control (in the example of assembling a car that I discussed in class) tends to break down in our knowledge economy. We would like to have an alternative to this industrial age mode, but the relative novelty continues to lead is to an emerging science of service systems.

  • Profile picture of David Ing David Ing said 2 years, 3 months ago:

    @cobregon22 The dark tone of your blog post on the environment and system response capability: a futures perspective reflects a dilemma in human nature. On the one side, since human beings are anticipatory systems, most of us like to plan for the future (at the risk of trying to predict the future). On the other side, we as systems are not really separate from our environments, so we may be able to create or shape the future in same ways.

    Trist was of a post-WWII generation, so he knew about wartime rations and redrawn political maps. In the Ackoff categorization, he would frame the many people resistant to change as inactive or reactive. The contribution of his ideas on turbulent environments was that we can choose to struggle with each other, or we can band together to deal with the bigger (and shared) problems. We would negotiate with each other, and negotiate with the environment. The sadder state would be if we just close up our worldviews and isolate ourselves. Cocooning may be perceived as simplifying a life, but it’s not very sustainable.

    Your sweeping in of Growing Up Digital, Wired for Distraction speaks to me more about family behaviours than technology per se. I continue to be surprised by the friends of my sons who find it extraordinary that our family regularly (although not every night) sits down together for dinner and talks. It’s as easy for adults to be distracted as for their children. Stewart Brand says “The fast parts get all the attention. The slow parts have all the power”.

  • Profile picture of David Ing David Ing said 2 years, 3 months ago:

    @haleh85 In your second day reflection on moving forward in systems thinking, I can see that you’re trying to come to grips with some fundamental systems ideas.

    Following the examples that you cite from Ackoff, let me try a clarification. Looking at the systems of which they are a part (i.e. the containing whole), we can think about universities in society. A university should serve a function (not necessarily THE function) of advancing knowledge in society. If it doesn’t fulfill that function, it may not deserve to continue to exist. (I’ll leave the possibility that a university may serve other functions, in which case Ackoff would start discussing about which functions are essential).

    You, as a student, are contained within a university (amongst other systems). If you learn, the university is fulfilling a function for you. If you aren’t learning, then maybe you could be better off somewhere else.

    I see that you prefer the Ackoff’s “Systems in the World” view as compared to Checkland’s “Systems in the Head” view (as described by Sinn). This would place you in the camp that is categorized as a “hard systems” perspective, in which engineers are stereotyped. You are likely to receive some resistance from social systems thinkers who lean towards the “soft systems” perspective. Neither position is complete right or wrong, so it’s a case of balancing the perspectives situationally.

    I was thrown off by your sweeping in Defining Social Complexity: Approaches to Power and Interaction in the Archeological Record. Academic citations generally point to a specific researcher or author, not an entire conference where a variety of worldviews are reflected. You’ve cited the five aims for the conference, which don’t really make up a definition. You would be better off sticking with Joseph Tainter’s writing, which is specifically focused on socio-political complexity (which might be framed as a subtype of ecological complexity when doing joint research with T.F.H. Allen). The writings are foundational systems science, so if you tackle them, you might choose to focus on fewer readings and understand them fully, rather than covering more readings and not getting a full appreciation.

  • Profile picture of David Ing David Ing said 2 years, 3 months ago:

    @haeyeon In your reflections on Can we design our future, you’ve been thinking through the commonalities and contrasts between the approaches of Russell Ackoff and Stephan Haeckel. Both are based in systems thinking, yet have different prescriptions.

    At the foundation of both is the idea of essential function. While an enterprise / venture / organization can serve multiple functions, limited resources and/or competition and/or environmental turbulence means that it generally has to fulfill one distinctive purpose. Haeckel is more explicit about that purpose as a “reason for being” — implying that if that reason is not met, being becomes irrelevant. The essential purpose for a social system doesn’t have to be an essential purpose for an individual; however, the individual will have to be okay with its purpose. The purpose becomes an issue at boundaries, when morality and ethics come to play (e.g. would you work for a cigarette manufacturer, or an liquor producer)?

    Creating a design that continually improves clearly requires a systemic perspective, as the alternative is merely adjusting the level or quantities of output, rather than producing a qualitatively different output.

    In the Korsten and Seider paper, you’ve identified an interesting blend of hard systems thinking and soft systems thinking. Wasted energy and inefficiency is clearly hard systems thinking. On the other hand, the only way that we’re going to get changes in human behaviour is through soft systems thinking.

  • Profile picture of David Ing David Ing said 2 years, 3 months ago:

    @mikkoahlstrom By choosing to reflect on Markus Schwaninger’s City Planning, you’ve crossed over into the complementary but distinct perspective of cybernetics. Your application to a concrete example demonstrates that you’ve been thinking this through.

    One key idea that you’ve recognized is that project managers often think linearly. Not only have you identified that positive and negative feedback loops exist, but also that second order effects are at play.

    In describing an approach with thought cycles and dynamic management, you’ve done everything but place the word on the phenomenon: learning. You’re right that just recognizing the loops and recursion isn’t enough, the system designers should learn and restructure in accordance with changes in expectations and/or the environment.

  • Profile picture of David Ing David Ing said 2 years, 2 months ago:

    @jannesalovaara I’ve jumped to the 8.2.2011 2nd Session + readings section of your page. (It’s unfortunate that I can’t link to it directly, and you would have to provide an anchor tag in HTML for me to get there).

    Your comments run deep into the philosophy. Ideals are a human construct that would seem to not exist with other species on the planet Earth, and there’s even some definitional issues as to whether other animals think. The example of buildings that are designed to withstand earthquakes versus those designed to fall down (and not injure inhabitants) brings up questions of aesthetics: can a built environment that is designed not to least be even considered an ideal? This could be parallel to sand castles that get washed away by the tides, or calligraphy written in water onto floor tiles that evaporate in an hour. Would an architect that purposefully (i.e. seeking ideals) designs appropriately to the environment be shunned by peer architects who see buildings as monuments to their greatness?

    In your description of Tainter citing Polybius on the cyclical view of history, your criticism of missing birth after death leads me to a deeper question on which system you are representing. At the level of individuals and families, the people who lived in the Roman empire have descendants today, at least those who live in the region now called Italy. There is a tie — Tainter certainly knows about Holling’s work in panarchy, and just hasn’t made it explicit — that the death-birth phase recognizes that the Roman empire collapsed, and something else followed afterwards. From the perspective of panarchy, the question could be whether transformation (in the Byzantine sense) is the only solution, of whether the Romans could have precluded the collapse by taking action to improve the sustainability of their socio-political complexity, potentially by realizing the limits of their expansion.

    On your criticism of “marginal return over investment in complexity”, I’m unsure whether you’ve had the background education in economics on which Tainter’s argument rests. In the example of the Roman empire, the marginal investment is every additional mile/kilometer from Rome that would have to be expended to maintain the socio-political complex. As an example, the cost of a mile of road in Scotland is probably the same of the cost of a mile of road in Pisa, but the benefits for the Roman empire — centered in Rome — aren’t the same. The cost of maintaining loyal Roman centurions in Pisa would probably be less than maintain them in Scotland (if we are to believe Mel Gibson-like movies about the unruly northerners). The problem is that the decision-making isn’t made at the level of each mile, it tends to be made in non-continuous chunks (e.g. at the level of a region).

    In your adding to Haeckel’s three elements a fourth of “the objective relation to the signal listener”, I think that this would be covered by the second element of a “framework” and the third element of the “association”. The idea of sense-and-respond leads to the question of whether we can or cannot sense, which has perspectives both of objectivism and subjectivism between them. As the world moves from one where we don’t have enough data into a “smarter planet” perspective where we are awash with too much data, we may run into issues of attention management and cognitive overload. I come from a pre-Internet generation where electronic machines did not make decisions better/faster than human beings — the Watson victory at Jeopardy is a new phenomenon, so the opportunity for changing designs in systems that include both human beings and technologies has been disclosed as a potentially new reality.

  • Profile picture of David Ing David Ing said 2 years, 2 months ago:

    @daniello Thanks for pointing out the Global Venture Lab. I hadn’t seen this collaboration between Berkeley, Finnish universities and Indian universities. In systems venacular, there’s differences between the designs of such a system ecology (in the Ackoff & Gharajedaghi sense of purpose in the parts striving for some goals in the whole), and the corporate world (which theoretically espouses to have purpose in the whole).

    It seems as though you’ve gotten comfortable with the idea of interactive planning as described by Ackoff. I wish that we had more time together to see if I could shake that comfort with more discussion on Emery & Trist, and/or the work of Normann & Ramirez. You do seem to conclude with some skepticism / questioning, which is a good orientation for a critical methodologist — which means reflection on the tools at hand, rather than just taking them as given.

    I agree with you that reading the work of T.F.H. Allen is challenging, and it’s taken me years to get my head wrapped around ecological complexity. I’m glad that you aren’t giving up on the pursuit, and see this as a natural stage of learning.

  • Profile picture of David Ing David Ing said 2 years, 2 months ago:

    @jennisarma I made an error with your Day Two reflections by my commenting on them on the thread for Day Two, so I’ll mix things up further to comment on your reflections for Day One.

    I see that you spent the time watching the video by @spohrer critically, by focusing on which questions he is researching and pursuing. Since you come from an Internet generation (that neither Jim nor I started in), you have been brought up in a world where we formerly saw constraints. The Internet and the web present new opportunities for us, that you perhaps you need less education.

    You touched on the sense-and-respond model by Stephan Haeckel and the Eclipse Process Framework, that were works that developed independently at about the same time (i.e. the late 1990s, into the 2000s).

    As you approach your final report for CS0005, you might be more explicit on how you see the ties between these ideas coming together for you. From the perspective of our older generation, perhaps we’re caught up in battles that are no longer relevant or necessary, and you can move forward without our being tied up in knots.